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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
# y% T4 J3 q6 b- i 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
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) s4 s" I2 f R9 L The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。% R) f1 C$ _: n# m$ {( Q/ F* y6 W9 i
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The point to note here… C" G# q* ~# _. P# h1 r
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2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:9 v( ~- ]5 c, \) z# ~7 a
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There are three major reasons…
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! ]" L& d% W0 ]2 s( C/ { 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:
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The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:( ~" M9 j2 P1 t4 c+ C# @6 g; k- x ]
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。8 c$ o9 k4 m( C$ r2 b: T8 W, Q* f- X
7 P3 d4 O, }( K) o S6 F* X 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:0 \) q1 c9 c1 T4 Q# \
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。$ b# E; f+ g# |$ X
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6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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Therefore/the result
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In conclusion/we can conclude
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! ~ `& K/ J, G: _* K) a One of the primary conclusions; ]! u) C) B( K; B7 ?* W+ N
b- o$ Y7 L7 T: o2 N3 G8 M. e5 v( M 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
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$ `3 W |! g! G For example/instancelike
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Such as these include: N3 |1 i2 R) i/ t) L3 n/ T
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To illustrate among these are. T( L/ d# o4 n- O8 F
4 u1 e& n* d8 t' A, p 有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:6 a9 I7 t& ~4 i! P5 }
b/ E- _( @! u! i The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…; d& J2 J/ z3 a$ b6 l3 }/ i
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:
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The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。. a; A+ Q6 J% V5 Y# q# }: e. \- r
- u3 l- ]3 x4 r9 A0 N, ~5 a Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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